1. Knowing History and Development of Android
2. Knowing the Advantages of Android
3. Knowing the features of Android
4. Knowing and Understanding Android Architecture
5. Knowing and Understanding the Terminology Android
Learning Materials
History of Android
In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. a new company engaged in developing mobile applications. The company is based in Palo Alto, California, United States. Android founder Inc. one of them is Andy Rubin who is now Google's director of mobile platforms. Rumorpun develops when Google acquired Android Inc. Google plans to enter the mobile phone market, although not yet known what share of Google in the mobile world.
On Google team led by Andy Rubin developed a mobile device platform with basic Linux kernel that are marketed to handset manufacturers and telecom services. When it was rumored that Google already has an impressive array of hardware component and software partners and signaled to telecommunications service providers that they offer is open. Speculation target Google for mobile phones was growing that they will soon announce in December 2006. Then September 2007, Google is known to have applied for a patent in the field of mobile phones. On 5 November 2007 in the official Android release with the formation of the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) for the development center.
The first device running Android is a smartphone developed by the HTC Dream or T-Mobile G1, which was officially launched on 23 September 2008. Sales of these devices in the US market starting in October 2008.
Soon some smartphone manufacturers also announced their intention to release a device based on the Android platform.
Google Android smartphones are not just set in, the platform is also suitable for netbooks. So some netbook manufacturers like Asus, MSI, Dell and Acer announced the immediate release of devices based on Google's mobile platform.
Development of Android
Android has experienced a renewal since the initial launch.
1. Android Version 1.1
- Released on February 9, 2009
- User Interface
- Application Standard Alarm
- Messaging application
Is the development of version 1.1. Android interface is enhanced with the addition of effects - animation effects
- Cupcake was released on April 30, 2009
- The ability to record and play videos in camcorder mode
- Upload videos to YouTube and pictures to Picasa
- Soft keys keyboard with the "autocomplete"
- The ability of a direct connection to a Bluetooth A2DP headset
- Widgets and a new folder on the desktop follow the pattern of
- Additional options on the internet web-based Copas page
On Android version 1.6 banyakk new breakthrough in network systems and connectivity
- Released on 15 September 2009
- Android Market updated
- Interface camera, camcorder, and gallery integrated
- Elimination of photos in the gallery can be done in multiple
- Enhanced feature voice search and voice dial
- development. Development of a search feature for bookmarks, contacts and
web page plus search speed - Updates technology support CDMA / EVDO, WiFi, Gesture,
engine and text-to-speech h. Supports screen with WVGA resolution
Android version is a lot to experience renewal in terms of optimization in terms of its software hajuga
- Released on December 3, 2009
- Hardware speed maximized
- The new application "Car Home"
- Support the resolution and screen size are developed
- The ratio of black and white for the background better
- The use of new browser and supports HTML5
- Google Maps 3.1.2
- Microsoft Exchange Support
- Camera with flash and zoom digital
- Virtual Keyboard
- Bluetooth 2.1
- Released on May 20, 2010, fixes June 20, 2010
- Hardware performance is faster
- Support Adobe Flash 10.1
- Features Wi-Fi hotspot can be made
- Can install applications to external memory
- Automatic update function in the Android Market already exists
Android Version 2.3 is a refinement of the Android version 2.2 F
- Changes in the user interface
- The addition of an online music store in the Market
- Support video formats VP8 and WebM
- Improved copy and paste functionality
- Increased ability games (gaming)
1. 3. The advantages of Android
Some of the advantages of Android are:
- Openness
Android provides access to the basic functions of mobile devices using standard calls to the API. - Destruction of the border you can combine information from the Internet into the phone, such as contact information, or data on the geographical location to get a new chance.
- Similarity application for Android is no difference between the main phone and other software applications. You can even change the program to dial the number, or the screen saver.
- Quick and easy development in the SDK has everything you need to create and run Android applications, including instrument simulator and advanced debugging tools.
- Application Framework supports the use of the components are easily replaceable and reusable (reusable)
- Virtual Machine Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
- Integrated Browser is built on the open source WebKit browser engine
- Optimized Graphics
powered by a custom 2D graphics library, 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 is built specification (hardware acceleration optional support) - SQLite for structured database storage
- Media support transform and supports a variety of audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, WiFi, Camera, GPS, compass and accelerometer
Architecture of Android
The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system
Google likens Android as a software stacks. Each layer of this stack to collect some of the programs that support specific functions of the operating system. Here is the composition of the coating - the coating when viewed from the base layer to the top layer:
1. Linux Kernel
Bottom of the pile at the Android architecture is the kernel. Google uses the Linux kernel version 2.6 to build the Android system, which includes memory management, security settings, power management, and some hardware drivers.
The kernel acts as a layer of abstraction between the hardware and the software overall. For example, the HTC GI equipped with a camera. Android kernel there is a camera driver that enables the user to send commands to the camera hardware.
2. Android Runtime
Layer after Linux kernel is the Android runtime. Android Runtime Core Libraries and contains the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
Core Libraries includes a series of core Java libraries, meaning that Android includes a set of libraries that provides most of the basic functions that exist in libraries basic Java programming language.
Dalvik is a Java Virtual Machine that gives strength to the Android system. The Dalvik VM optimized for mobile phones. Any application that runs on Android running on processnya own, with the instance of the Dalvik Virtual Machine
3. Libraries
Housed in the same level with the Android Runtime is Libraries. Android includes a set of libraries in C / C ++ used by the various components on the Android system. This capability can be accessed by the programmer passes through the Android application framework. For example, Android supports playback of audio formats, video, and images.
Here are some of the core library:
System C library derived from the implementation of the standard C system library (libc) BSD, optimized for Linux-based embedded devices
- Media Libraries based on PacketVideo's OpenCore, ibrary-library mendukun playback and
recording of audio and video stormy popular formats, including MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG - Surface Manager to manage access to the display and layer composites 2D and 3D graphics from a wide range of applications
- LibWebCore modern web browser engine which supports the Android browser and an embeddable web view
- SGL with basic 2D graphics engine
- 3D libraries implementation based on OpenGL ES 1.0 APIs. This library uses hardware
3D acceleration and highly optimized 3D software rasterizer - FreeType bitmap and vector font rendering
- SQLite
relational database engine that is powerful and light are available for all applications
The next layer is the application framework, which includes a program to regulate the basic functions of a smartphone. Application Framework is a set of basic tools such as a smartphone resource allocation, telephone applications, switching among - a process or program, and tracking the physical location of the phone. The application developer has full application to the basic tools, and use them to create more complex applications.
Programmers get full access to utilize APIs (Android Protocol Interface) is also used core applications. The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of components, each application can be demonstrated and other applications can use this ability. This same mechanism allows the user to replace the components the desired component.
In all there are applications and system services that include:
- A set of Views that can be used to build applications include lists, gtext boxes, buttons, and an embeddable web browser
- Content Providers that enable applications to access data from apllain (such as Contacts), or to divide the available data.
- Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such localized strings, graphics, and layout files
- Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status bar
- Activity Manager is to manage the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack
Entrenched in the top layer of the application itself. In this layer you find the basic smartphone functions such as calling and sending short messages, run a web browser, access the contact list, and others. For the average user, this is the layer most often they access. They access the basic functions of these through the user interface.
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